African-American History and Women Timeline 1990-1999

More of the  Timeline:  1980 - 1989  /  2000 - 1990 †¢ Sharon Pratt Kelly elected mayor of Washington, DC, the first African-American mayor of a major American city †¢ Roselyn Payne Epps became the first woman president of the American Medical Association †¢ Debbye Turner became third African American Miss America †¢ Sarah Vaughan died (singer) 1991 †¢ Clarence Thomas nominated for a seat on the US Supreme Court; Anita Hill, who had worked for Thomas in the federal government, testified about repeated sexual harassment, bringing the issue of sexual harassment to public attention (Thomas was confirmed as Justice) †¢ Marjorie Vincent became fourth African American Miss America 1992 †¢ (August 3) Jackie Joyner-Kersee became the first woman to win two Olympic heptathlons †¢ (September 12) Mae Jemison, astronaut, became the first African-American woman in space †¢ (November 3) Carol Moseley Braun elected to the US Senate, the first African-American woman to hold that office †¢Ã‚  (November 17)  Ã‚  Audre Lorde  died (poet, essayist, educator) †¢Ã‚  Rita Dove named the US Poet Laureate. 1993 †¢ Rita Dove became the first African American poet laureate †¢Ã‚  Toni Morrison  became the first  African-American  winner of the  Nobel Prize for Literature. †¢ (September 7) Joycelyn Elders became the first African American and first woman US Surgeon General †¢ (April 8) Marian Anderson died (singer) 1994 †¢ Kimberly Aiken became fifth African American Miss America 1995 †¢ (June 12) Supreme Court, in Adarand v. Pena, called for strict scrutiny before establishing any federal affirmative action requirements †¢ Ruth J. Simmons installed as president of Smith College in 1995. becoming the first African-American president of one of the Seven Sisters 1996 1997 †¢ (June 23) Betty Shabazz, widow of Malcolm X, died of burns sustained in a June 1 fire in her home 1998 †¢ DNA evidence was used to test the theory that Thomas Jefferson fathered the children of a woman he enslaved, Sally Hemings -- most concluded that the DNA and other evidence confirmed the theory †¢ (September 21) track and field great Florence Griffith-Joyner died (athlete; first African-American to win four medals in one Olympics; sister-in-law of Jackie Joyner-Kersee) †¢ (September 26) Betty Carter died (jazz singer) 1999 †¢ (November 4) Daisy Bates died (civil rights activist) More of the Timeline:  1980 - 1989 / 2000 -

The Mind Body Problem Interactionism And Physicalism

One of the most talked about concepts of philosophy is that of the mind-body problem. In short, the mind-body problem is the relationship between the mind and the body. Specifically, it’s the connection between our mental realm of thoughts, including beliefs, ideas, sensations, emotions, and our physical realm, the actual matter of which we are made up of the atoms, neurons. The problem comes when we put the emphasis on mind and body. Are the mind and body one physical thing, or two separate entities. Two arguments have stood amongst the rest, Interactionism and physicalism. Interactionism claims that mind and matter are two separate categories with a casual integration between the two. By contrast, physicalism draws from the idea that all aspects of the human body are under one physical being, there are no nonphysical connections that come into play. While both state a clear and arguable statement regarding mind-body problem, Interactionism gives a more plausible answer to th e mind-body problem because although it may seem like we are tied as one, our minds have a subconscious that influence our thoughts, actions, ideas, and beliefs, which is completely independent from the realm of our physical matter. To begin we must understand where both of these ideas stem from. Interactionism and physicalism come from the idea of metaphysical dualism. In short this is the belief that â€Å"one part of reality is physical and another part is nonphysical† (Lawhead 208). When you look up atShow MoreRelatedThe Mind Body Problem : Rene Descartes Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesThe mind-body problem, which still is debating on what it can be, still goes on today about the difference or similarities between the mind and the body. Rene Descartes had a belief that the mind and body are two different substances that can exist separately on their own, and that one can live without the other. But there is no right or wrong answer for either. Physicalism and dualism, I b elieve both of these give a good case about the mind-body but there really isn’t a real good answer, but betweenRead MoreI, Myself, And My Body1222 Words   |  5 Pagesand My Body The mind is about mental processes and thought, while the body is the physical aspects of the brain. For years, philosophers have been perplexed by the mind-body problem. The mind is about mental processes and thought, while the body is the physical aspects of the brain. The mind-body problem discusses the mind and body, along with the relationship between them. Dualists and monists are the two types of people that take a stand on the issue. While Dualism may spilt mind and body, monismRead MoreEssay On Mind Body Argument1409 Words   |  6 PagesMind Body Argument Alex Seeley October 9, 2017 Phil 101-005: Appreciation of Philosophy Professor Cheri Hanson The Mind-Body Problem is one with many different opposing viewpoints and standpoints that has baffled the minds of many that question their existence in the physical realm. Many would argue that the mind is separate from the body which sounds quite poetic nature, but with all emotional feelings aside what would be the actual scientific, cynical some could argue, way of actually addressingRead MoreThe Mind Body Problem, By Thomas Nagel1352 Words   |  6 PagesConsciousness, Thomas Nagel states, â€Å"is what makes the mind-body problem really intractable.† Here he refers particularly to phenomenal consciousness, which Block defines as â€Å"perceptual experiences,† and Nagel describes as â€Å"something that it is to be.’ This experiential element appears to present a challenge to the physicalist assertion that all mental processes are explicable in terms of physical brain states, biochemical reactions and the laws of physics. Frank Jackson presents this arg umentRead MoreDualism And Materialism By Peter Van Inwagen1968 Words   |  8 Pagesmetaphysics, the problem of distinguishing the mind versus the body has persisted throughout time and remains a highly debatable topic in philosophy today. Two opposing perspectives in particular remain especially favorable in modern philosophy. Dualism, considers the mind and the body to be separate in that humans are, in effect, immaterial non-physical beings—people are souls. Renà © Descartes examines in Meditations on First Philosophy the incompatibility of a reality in which the mind and body exist asRead MoreRealism : Reality And Dualism1340 Words   |  6 PagesTeena Lin PHI 1500 Fall 2017 Final Paper Reality is Dualism There are currently four major theories about the nature of reality and substance— materialism/physicalism, idealism, transcendental idealism, and dualism. Materialism is the theory that there is only the physical and material world. Idealism takes the position that reality is made up of ideas and immaterial. Transcendental idealism holds the idea that our experience of things are shaped by how they appear to us and not by what they areRead MoreDefinition : Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence )1099 Words   |  5 Pageshave generally agreed that adaptation to the environment is the key to understanding both what intelligence is and what it does. Effective adaptation draws upon a number of cognitive processes, such as perception, learning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving. The main emphasis in a definition of intelligence, then, is that it is not a cognitive or mental process per se but rather a selective combination of these processes that is purposively directed tow ard effective adaptation. QuestionnaireRead MoreExploring the Different Theories Involved in the Mind and Body Problem1654 Words   |  7 PagesDifferent Theories Involved in the Mind and Body Problem I will attempt to do this by firstly defining what the mind and body is secondly discussing what the mind and body problem is. Thirdly discussing the existing approaches to the problem and finally discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches. The body is that which we perceive ourselves to be with our senses. It usually includes arms, legs a head and so on. The mind is that which is responsible forRead MoreCan Substance Dualism Be Defended Essay1919 Words   |  8 PagesSecondly, I’ll argue that mental and physical have different and perhaps irreconcilable properties. An argument is not complete without a counter argument which in this case the â€Å"pairing† problem that exists in Descartes theory is highlighted and where is the interaction of material and immaterial takes place in our body is argued. Finally, the reply for the counter argument comes in a form of defense and positive argument in favors substance dualism and the weakness with the objection. In DescartesRead MorePsychology : The Mind Body2034 Words   |  9 PagesIn the history of psychology, there are several problems that have persisted throughout the years. One major issue is the mind body relationship. This topic has been examined for numerous times and several viewpoints have been taken from like philosophers from the western world, who focused on two views of the problem mostly, and later other views and subtypes emerged. The Mind-Body theme attempts to identify the relationship between the mind and body, in other words, between the mental realms like

Political Theory Comparing Locke, Rousseau and Plato Essay

Locke: What is the purpose of politics - we could live in the state of nature, we don’t need contract or soverign - life, liberty and property State of nature: men live according to reason and governed by reason - man exists in the state of nature in perfect freedom to do as they want, a state of perfect freedom - not necessarily good or bad, bit is calm and peaceful - men give up some of their freedom to secure the advantages of civilized socity - men have the right to protect their freedom (killing if necessary) - bound by the laws of nature - contrast with hobbes: everyone has the right over everything, there exist no private property - Liberty to do as†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ First part says that the aim of the contract is to protect and defend the common goods of each member. Consistent with Locke’s claims that the purpose of society is protect the security of each members. Rousseau adds a second and more disctinctly original claim. †¢ The contract must ensure the conditions for mutual protection, but also in uniting with one another each person obeys only himself and remains as free as he was before. †¢ Isn’t the essence of the social contract giving up part of our natural freedom? †¢ How can we remain as free. †¢ Total alienation of each associate together with all of his rights to the entire community †¢ Total alienation, entire community. †¢ To ensure the terms of the agreements, persons must totally give themselves up for the social contract. †¢ When we alienate ourselves, this must be given to the entire community. This is to ensure that the general will works. †¢ General will is only legitimate sovereign. The famous doctrine of the sovereignty of the people †¢ When we give ourselves over to it, we do nothing more than obey ourselves. Sovereign is not third party, it is simply the people as a whole acting in their collective capacity. †¢ How do we remain as free as we were before? †¢ Formula for freedom or tyranny of the majority? †¢ Only through total alienation do we remain free, because nobody isShow MoreRelatedJurisprudential Theories on IPR13115 Words   |  53 Pagesproperty, such as: 1. Natural Rights/Justice Argument: this argument is based on Locke’s idea that a person has a natural right over the labour and/or products which is produced by his/her body. Appropriating these products is viewed as unjust. Although Locke had never explicitly stated that natural right applied to products of the mind,[34]  it is possible to apply his argument to intellectual property rights, in which it would be unjust for people to misuse anothers ideas.[35]  Lokeans argument for intellectualRead MoreThe Implication of Paulo Freires Banking Concept to the 8.4.4 System of Education in Kenya9634 Words   |  39 Pages The frustrations faced in the efforts placed while going through the 8:4:4 system necessitated this study. This paper will try to find out to what extent the associationism theory of John Locke will be applicable in analyzing how Kenyan education has contributed to lack of creativity in the country. Based on this theory, it is hoped that solutions will be suggested. It’s my position that we go back to the drawing board (in this case, classroom) to re-design our curriculum. There is dire need forRead MoreNormality and Coercion: Plato, Aristotle, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, and Rawls3749 Words   |  15 PagesHobbes theory of the Leviathan replacing the ‘state of nature’, what is his conception of normativity and coercion? Discuss three writers from different disciplines who change and update these conceptions and the relationship between normativity and coercion. The 17th Century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes is now widely regarded as one of a handful of truly great political philosophers, whose masterwork Leviathan rivals in significance the political writings of Plato, Aristotle, Locke, Rousseau

Moments of Impact free essay sample

George Bernard Shaw once said, â€Å"Success does not consist in never making mistakes but in never making the same one a second time.† I came to this realization by experiencing a moment of impact that reshaped my perspective on life forever. For most people, these moments are influenced by outside forces of awe-inspiring individuals, but for me, my cousin was that outside force, and her bad decisions launched the impact into place. As I looked around, I saw the same familiar surroundings as I did a year ago. I watched the little boy, too young to realize where he was, hug his mom goodbye as the officer took her away.Then I returned my attention back to my cousin who had been rambling on about how bad the food was. Although I visited her the last time she was in here, I still wasn’t used to seeing her in a jumpsuit. We will write a custom essay sample on Moments of Impact or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She continued to complain about her living arrangements and apologized to my mom, who was like a mother to her as well, for her involvement in drugs, but my mom was not having any of it. By witnessing my cousin’s downfall, I realized that after you make a mistake and deal with the consequences of it, you cannot make that same mistake again because, in actuality, it would not be a mistake at all, it would simply be a choice made on your own free will. What people don’t realize is that they have to learn from each mistake and take responsibility for repeated ones, otherwise the people around you will eventually get tired of your choices. This realization has impacted me to think about which decisions are really worth making, and, when I do make a mistake, I will grow from it instead of repeating it again and again. Unless I learn from my mistakes each time and mature, being in the top four percent of my class, inducted into National Honor Society, voted team captain of my soccer team, and doing continuous volunteer work will mean nothing. Because I don’t want to risk my accomplishments that I have already made and plan to make in my future, I intend to never repeat past mistakes and, instead, correct them so I can grow as an individual. The success of my future is too crucial for me to throw away just because I would rather repeat foolish mistakes. My cousin holds an important role in my life, not because she made the right decisions but because she chose to make the wrong ones. My belief is that our actions and decisions are a reflection of influenced interpretations of past experiences, and that is why this experience will be beneficial to me. I will interpret this impact in such a way that I can only succeed in my choices. Moments of impact, whether they are influenced by a great muse or someone merely capable of choosing the right path, their ripples of effects are determined by my interpretation of them. That is why I choose to take advantage of these effects so that my future will never become a path of repeated mistakes.